Poland recognizes dual citizenship, allowing its citizens to hold passports from multiple countries simultaneously. However, the legal framework around dual nationality has important nuances that both current and prospective citizens should understand.
Legal Framework
Polish law follows the principle of exclusivity of citizenship on Polish territory. This means that a person who holds both Polish and foreign citizenship is treated exclusively as a Polish citizen by Polish authorities. When in Poland, you must use your Polish passport and comply with all obligations of Polish citizenship, including potential military service requirements.
Poland does not require citizens to renounce foreign nationalities, and acquiring foreign citizenship does not automatically result in loss of Polish citizenship. The only way to lose Polish citizenship is through a formal renunciation approved by the President of Poland.
Practical Implications
Dual citizens should always enter and exit Poland using their Polish passport. Using a foreign passport may create complications with border authorities and immigration records. For travel within the EU, either passport can be used, though the Polish passport provides the advantage of EU citizen treatment at all border controls.